Demographic profile
Romania is the 69th most populous of the 238 countries and territories tracked on this site, home to about 0.22% of everyone alive. Within Eastern Europe, it ranks 4 of 10.
Each day brings roughly 451 births and 692 deaths — a net decline of about 88,023 people a year. At -0.47% annually, the population would halve in roughly 149 years if the trend held. Real trajectories bend as fertility, mortality and migration shift, which is why the chart below shows both history and projection.
Among its first-level divisions, the largest by our modelled allocation is Arad, holding an estimated 18.0% of the national population. The full breakdown of all 41 states and regions is in the table below — regional figures outside Sudan are modelled estimates built on real region names, and are flagged as such.
Literacy stands near 99.0% and adult smoking prevalence around 26.0%, with life expectancy at about 69.9 years. Baselines come from UN World Population Prospects, the World Bank, WHO surveys, WorldPop and HDX; the counters project them forward in real time — the method, and every caveat, is documented on our data sources page.
Quick answers
What is the population of Romania in 2026? Approximately 18,740,932 people (live projection; the counter above updates every second).
How fast is Romania shrinking? About -0.47% per year — roughly 451 births and 692 deaths every day.
What share of the world lives in Romania? Around 0.22% — ranked 69 worldwide by population.