Demographic profile
Mongolia is the 138th most populous of the 238 countries and territories tracked on this site, home to about 0.04% of everyone alive. Within Eastern Asia, it ranks 7 of 8.
Each day brings roughly 64 births and 69 deaths — a net decline of about 1,826 people a year. At -0.05% annually. Real trajectories bend as fertility, mortality and migration shift, which is why the chart below shows both history and projection.
Among its first-level divisions, the largest by our modelled allocation is Bayan-Ölgii, holding an estimated 22.1% of the national population. The full breakdown of all 22 states and regions is in the table below — regional figures outside Sudan are modelled estimates built on real region names, and are flagged as such.
Literacy stands near 96.0% and adult smoking prevalence around 24.0%, with life expectancy at about 67.3 years. Baselines come from UN World Population Prospects, the World Bank, WHO surveys, WorldPop and HDX; the counters project them forward in real time — the method, and every caveat, is documented on our data sources page.
Quick answers
What is the population of Mongolia in 2026? Approximately 3,157,430 people (live projection; the counter above updates every second).
How fast is Mongolia shrinking? About -0.05% per year — roughly 64 births and 69 deaths every day.
What share of the world lives in Mongolia? Around 0.04% — ranked 138 worldwide by population.