Demographic profile
Mongolia is the 137th most populous of the 237 countries and territories tracked on this site, home to about 0.04% of everyone alive. Within Eastern Asia, it ranks 7 of 8.
Each day brings roughly 64 births and 69 deaths — a net decline of about 1,826 people a year. At -0.05% annually. Real trajectories bend as fertility, mortality and migration shift, which is why the chart below shows both history and projection.
Among its first-level divisions, the largest by our modelled allocation is Bayan-Ölgii, holding an estimated 22.1% of the national population. The full breakdown of all 22 states and regions is in the table below. Regional figures outside Sudan are modelled estimates built on real region names, and are flagged as such.
Literacy stands near 96.0% and adult smoking prevalence around 24.0%, with life expectancy at about 67.3 years. Baselines come from UN World Population Prospects, the World Bank, WHO surveys, WorldPop and HDX; the counters project them forward in real time — the method, and every caveat, is documented on our data sources page.
Quick answers
What is the population of Mongolia in 2026? Approximately 3,157,339 people (live projection; the counter above updates every second).
How fast is Mongolia shrinking? About -0.05% per year — roughly 64 births and 69 deaths every day.
What share of the world lives in Mongolia? Around 0.04% — ranked 137 worldwide by population.